Television (of the Greek tele - distant; and of the Latin vision - vision) it is an electronic system of transmission of images and sound in an instantaneous way. It works starting from the analysis and conversion of the light and of the sound in waves eletromagnéticas and of its reconversão in an apparel that receives the same name of the system or it can also be called tv apparel. The tv apparel captures the waves eletromagnéticas and through its internal components it transforms them again into image and sound. The first semi-mechanical system of analogical television was demonstrated in February of 1924 in London by John Logie Baird with an image of the cartoon Félix the Cat and, later on, images in movement on October 30, 1925. A complete electronic system was demonstrated by Philo Taylor Farnsworth in 1927. The first analogical service went to WGY in Schenectady, New York, inaugurated on May 11, 1928.
The first television apparels were radios with a device that consisted of a neon tube with a mechanical rotative disk (disk of Nipkow) that produced a red image of the size of a postal stamp. The first service of high definition appeared in Germany in Março of 1935, but it was just available in 22 public rooms. One of the first great transmissions went to of the Olympic Games of 1936, in Berlin. The use of television increased vastly after Second World War due to the technological progresses appeared with the war and to the available additional income (apparels of TV in the thirties cost the equivalent the US$ 7000 current (2001) and there was little available programming).
The television in colors appeared in 1954, in the American net NBC. One year before the American government approved the transmission system in colors proposed by CBS, but when RCA presented a new system that didn't demand alterations in the old apparels in black and white, CBS abandoned its proposal in favor of the new.
The television in its original form and until today more popular, it involves the sound transmission and images in movement for radiofrequência waves (RF), that are captured by a receiver (the television). In this sense, it is an extension of the radio.
Tends beginning in the decade of 2000, the modern television he/she divides in three different tendencies: * Apparels of TV only. * systems integrated with apparels of DVD e/ou videocassetes VHS set up in the own television (generally smaller models with screens up to 17 inches, because the idea is to have a complete portable system); * independent systems with big screen (video monitor, radio, sound system) for the user to set up the pieces as a home theater. This system interests to the videófilos and cinéfilos that prefer components that can be changed separately.
There are several types of monitors or video ecrãs used in modern equipments of TV. The most common is CRTs for up to 40 diagonal inches. Most of the TVs of big screen (until more than 100 inches) it uses projection technology. Three types of projection systems are used in TV: Tubes of rays catódicos (CRT), LCD (liquid crystal) and integrated circuits (Chips) of reflected image. Recent progresses brought plane screens to the TVs that use technology of liquid crystal head office LCD it activates or plasm Displays. TVs of big screen and it planes they just have 4 inches of thickness and they can be hung in the wall as a picture. Them healthy very attractive and they save space, but they still cost extremely expensive. There are several types of teledifusão systems: * terrestrial Television NTSC, PAL, PAL-M, PAL2, they DRY using analogical sign * Systems of transmission of the sound * NICAM, MTS * he/she Saw satellite using digital sign * cable TV there is him so much analogical as digital system. * New technologies: digital Television (DTV)--TV of High Definition (HDTV)--Pay-per-view--Web TV--programming under indent.
Programming is the transmission in the television stations (per times call of channels) that are frequently driven to a certain audience. There are a lot of news, desporto (sports), stations of films and such stations as the chains of MTV and of BBC that are seen by several countries.
In the USA, the nets of TV produce programs primetime (noble schedule) for its affiliated radio stations they transmit between 19:00 and 22:00. Out of the noble schedule, most of the radio stations has its programming of own production. The first experiences with the television emission to black-and-white in Portugal began in the year of 1949. However, the official inauguration of television in Portugal, would have its date marked for the month of September of 1956, when, in the enclosure of the Popular Fair in Lisbon, with the presence of an enormous popular mass, he/she gives him the emission of the first waves hertzianas.
Reports of the Newspaper of News of the time said: " In the Square of the Restorers the movement was in addition it was of waiting and, that, it stopped it I and difficulties were created that PSP solved ordering the opening of a channel, not of TV, but yes for cars and people could circulate ". Television for signature is a term that refers to set television services in signature. A television for signature offers a high amount of channels in relation to open television, and it collects a quantity that, generally in monthly frequency.
The methods of television distribution for more popular signature are the cable and satellite. Even so, transmission of signs through microwaves for the system MMDS is also used, but in smaller scale in relation to the other ones two. The history of television for signature began in United States of America with television to cable, where people paid to have access to a cable that captured television signs (for more details he/she watches the article television to cable). In Brazil the television for signature also appeared with the cable, on July 30, 1990. The idea gave so right in the USA that from 1984 to 1992 US$ 15 billion were invested for the cabeamento of streets and more billion for the programming development, financed by the television operators to cable.
The great number of subscribers of the television operators for signature did with that in the middle of the nineties the great number of cables installed in the streets was used to offer other service types, as Internet of wide band, being born like this the Internet to cable. In 1997 the television industry for signature would only make money US$ 1,2 billion with sales of pay-per-view, that represents one of the main profit sources for the operators. In 1999 the homes added more time for the first time attending the television for signature than open television.
Even so, the first operator of cable TV of the country went to TV Cabo Presidente Prudente, founded on December 03, 1987 by the Argentinean manager Raul Melo Farjado. With 600 subscribers, he/she offered 13 channels initially. But the first channel was the Canal Plus, thrown in June of 1990. Inspired by the name and in the logotype of the French homonym, it exhibited content of American ESPN. The digital television or digital TV uses a modulation way and digital compression to send video, audio and signs of data to the compatible apparels with the technology, providing like this transmission and reception of larger amount of content for a same frequency (channel) pondendo to reach the objective of very high quality in the image (high definition).
The patterns in commercial operation are capable to transport up to 19 Mbps. In practical terms, that is the equivalent to a program in high definition, that occupies 15 Mbps, or four programs in definition pattern, that consume 4 Mbps on the average each. Open television is as the free channels of TV are called in Brazil. They received that denomination after the arrival of Television for signature.
In the country, the citizens have available gratuitously the frequencies VHF and UHF for transmission and reception of television channels. Futuramente, will also be available the frequencies for digital transmissions. Just as the premiere album Titãs, Television still represented the pop facet of Titãs and he/she didn't get to bring a true public success to the band. The sound proposal was still confused and the aesthetics of LP didn't please to the members, as reminded years then, of each strip to symbolize a different channel of TV. Thus, we went by the new wave (Television "), reggae (in the initial version of " For saying good-bye ", still with Nando Reis in the vocal ones), rock of the decade of 50 (" Everything will pass ") and donate-wop (I " Dream about you ").
However, a strip at the end of the album symbolizes the direction that the band would take in posterior works: with just one minute and forty seconds of duration, " Massacre " would prepare the road that would take the group to the heavy following disk, Cabeça Dinossauro.
To that time, the octeto from São Paulo was not very well received by the public carioca. To call the singer and guitarist Lulu Santos was a middle that they thought I/you/he/she could break this barrier, but the band, few days after the beginning of the works of production of the album, she didn't get to find a peaceful relationship with the artist carioca, that I/you/he/she picked on the presence of the strip-title in the work, the musicians' technique and you/he/she didn't still satisfy the band with the mixagem that did for the work. Until the end of December of that year, Television just arrived to the 24 thousand sold copies.
The year of 1985 would close up in an unhappy way for Titãs: Arnaldo Antunes and Tony Bellotto were stopped by heroine ownership, but Bellotto had been freed after the payment of bail. Arnaldo had to make bitter the chain for almost one month. It went something impactante to the group, that had 13 canceled shows and the danger ran of extinguishing.